Artworks are paintings, sculpture, photographs, and installations that are made by amateurs in their homes, art professors in universities, and serious artists with or without commercial affiliations. Artworks may, or may not, have intrinsic value or monetary value, other than what the artist believes they are worth.  Non-utilitarian fashion objects, as opposed to utilitarian fashion objects that are worn or carried, such as expensive shoes and handbags, are artworks that have a lot of monetary but little intrinsic value.  Rather, they are “meaningful”, “innovative”, “politically correct”, etcetera, and they may set historical precedence within the ever-expanding arbitrary modulations in contemporary art.  These objects and their producers are known to a wide audience and are bought, sold, and traded through primary dealers, collectors, secondary dealers, and auction houses.  Collectors of non-utilitarian fashion objects often collect to accumulate artworks of an individual manufacturer or artworks in an identifiable style within a specific time period, much as a stamp or baseball card collector will strive to complete a series.  This differs from, but is not exclusive of, collectors of non-utilitarian fashion objects who collect for speculation. They look for young unknowns with primary dealers or visit select graduate schools to find artwork made by students in their early twenties.  They buy the product in hopes the aspiring artist becomes sufficiently famous to profit later in the secondary market.  Part of the dynamic is based on the reputation of the collector, how acute his or her “eye” has been, and what his or her status is within the layers of the business of international art.  The better the reputation of the collector the greater the chance that the artwork known to be in his or her collection will gain in monetary value.